Relative NRF2 score calculated based on the cumulative expression of classic NRF2 target genes was used as our NRF2 activity index (Liu et al, 2010 (link); DeNicola et al, 2015 (link)). In this study, the NRF2 score was calculated based on seven classic NRF2 target genes: GCLC, GCLM, NQO1, HMOX-1, Aldoketo Reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1), C2 (AKR1C2) and C3 (AKR1C3) (Tebay et al, 2015 (link); MacLeod et al, 2016 (link)). The expression of each gene was normalised by GAPDH and the results for these seven genes were added together for HCC and AT, respectively, to obtain total relative NRF2 scores. The following clinical data were collected to explore the potential correlation with relative NRF2 score in HCC: serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, longest diameters measured with computed tomography (CT, Discovery CT750 HD, GE Health-Care Biosciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, MAGNETOM Skyra 3.0T, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) in mm, Child–Pugh classification (A/B/C), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification (0, A, B, C, D), tumour pathological differentiated degrees and plasma biochemical indexes, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, prothrombin time, prothrombin activity, prothrombin time activity of pre- and post-operation.
Protocol detail
Evaluating NRF2 Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Akr1c1
Akr1c2
Akr1c3
Alanine transaminase
Albumin
Aspartate transaminase
Child
Computed tomography
Expression gene
Family member
Gapdh
Gclc
Gclm
Genes
Hmox 1
Liver cancer
Nqo1
Nrf2
Plasma
Prothrombin
Prothrombin time
Reductase
Serum
Tumour
α fetoprotein
Corresponding Organization :
Other organizations : China Medical University, Fudan University, Emory University
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- None explicitly mentioned
- Relative NRF2 score
- Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels
- Longest diameters measured with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mm
- Child–Pugh classification (A/B/C)
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification (0, A, B, C, D)
- Tumour pathological differentiated degrees
- Plasma biochemical indexes, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, prothrombin time, prothrombin activity, prothrombin time activity of pre- and post-operation
- GAPDH expression used for normalization of gene expression
- None explicitly mentioned
- None explicitly mentioned
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