A TM4 (#88111401, ECACC, Salisbury, Wilts, UK) SC line was cultured in a Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)/F-12 nutrient mixture (D8437, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 5% horse serum (MIC2921149, MP Bio, Tokyo, Japan) and 2.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (S1820, Bio West, Nuaille, France) at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The cells were treated with ethanol (50 or 100 mmol/L,) with and without autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (sc-205596, Santa-Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA) as reported by others [41 (link),44 (link)].
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