An interview guide was developed based on a review of the relevant literature [1 –3 (link), 6 (link)–10 (link), 13 (link), 15 (link)–18 (link)]. To obtain a deep and comprehensive understanding of the concepts under investigation (neonatologists’ moral distress), the interviews covered a number of topics intended to capture a wide range of the participants’ lived experiences. Below, we specify a few questions that were included in the interview guide:

1) If you have ever face the question of whether the treatment you provided or recommended was the right one, how did you respond to these situations? Why did you respond as you did?

2) Please describe to me in detail any significant difficulties you encountered in making a clear judgement regarding what course of action should be taken.

a) Please describe to me in detail real past case(s) (if any) in which you felt constrained from acting on what you knew to be right. Please describe to me in detail your related experiences.

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