This study was conducted in Damietta Governorate on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast (northern east Nile Delta), Egypt through the period from October 2021 to March 2022. A total of 200 cloacal swabs were collected from migratory and broiler chicken birds. Broiler chickens were selected from poultry farms and live bird markets near which the migratory birds were hunted at the similar time points. One hundred samples were obtained from migratory birds and 100 from broiler chickens; 50 from 5 poultry farms (10 for each farm) with deep litter system and 50 from 3 live bird markets located in different regions inside Damietta Governorate. Five broiler poultry farms were chosen on the basis of their owners’ willingness to permit the samples collection. Broiler chicken birds from the farms and live bird markets were selected randomly. The map of Damietta Governorate was constructed to highlight the location of the selected broiler chicken farms and live bird markets in relation to the rest of Damietta (Supplementary Fig. 9 ). The migratory birds that were found near to the examined farms and live bird markets were trapped by net traps, sampled, marked (to ensure that each bird was only sampled once) and photographed to detect its species. The cotton swabs were aseptically collected on 2 ml of Bolton broth (Oxoid, UK) then labeled and transported within 1 h in an ice box at 4 °C to the Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality control on Poultry production to perform further examinations. All samples were incubated at 42 °C for 48 h under microaerophilic conditions. Isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp.
Each enriched sample was streaked onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (Oxoid, UK) with antibiotic solution (cefoperazone sodium salt; 0.032 g, amphotericin B; 0.01 g and water; 5 ml) and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h. The suspected colonies were identified by morphological characteristics and Gram staining [45 ]. The suspected isolates were subjected to standard biochemical procedures, including tests for hippurate, acetate hydrolysis and catalase [46 ].
Each enriched sample was streaked onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (Oxoid, UK) with antibiotic solution (cefoperazone sodium salt; 0.032 g, amphotericin B; 0.01 g and water; 5 ml) and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h. The suspected colonies were identified by morphological characteristics and Gram staining [45 ]. The suspected isolates were subjected to standard biochemical procedures, including tests for hippurate, acetate hydrolysis and catalase [46 ].
Free full text: Click here
