For each type of tobacco product, participants were asked a series of questions, including whether they had heard of the product (except cigarettes, for which universal awareness was assumed); whether they had ever used the product, even one or two puffs or one or two times; whether they had used the product during the previous 30 days; on how many of the previous 30 days they had used the product; and how much of each type of product they had used in their lifetimes. Adult participants were also asked whether they had ever used the product “fairly regularly” and whether they now use the product every day, some days, or not at all (non-daily users of hookah were also asked their frequency of use). Adults who had ever used a product but now use it “not at all” were asked how long it had been since they quit using it (responses were given in days, months, or years).
Various categories of tobacco use were assessed for each type of tobacco product. Current use indicates that the participant now smokes or uses the product every day or some days (for each tobacco product other than hookah; for hookah, current use indicates that the participant now uses the product every day, some days, usually weekly, or usually monthly). Current regular use indicates that the participant has ever smoked or used the product “fairly regularly” and now smokes or uses the product every day or some days (for each tobacco product other than cigarettes and hookah; for cigarettes, current regular use indicates that the participant has smoked ≥100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and now smokes every day or some days; for hookah, current regular use indicates that the participant has ever used the product “fairly regularly” and now uses the product every day, some days, usually weekly, or usually monthly). Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix presents additional categories of tobacco use that were assessed for each type of tobacco product. In addition, for each use category, use of any cigar was defined as use of at least one type of cigar (traditional cigars, cigarillos, or filtered cigars), use of smokeless tobacco including snus pouches was defined as use of either product, and use of any tobacco was defined as use of at least one of the 10 (adults) or 12 (youths) types of tobacco products. An exception to the definition of “any tobacco use” was current use of tobacco among adults, which was determined on the basis of current regular use in the case of cigarettes and current use in the case of every other tobacco product. Defining nonuse of any cigars, smokeless tobacco including snus pouches, and any tobacco required complete data on all types of the respective tobacco products assessed.