Microglia Activation and Receptor Modulation

KIT C and KIT H were synthesized as described previously [17 (link)] by the Karlsruher Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, dissolved in DMSO (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and used in final concentrations of 0.1–25 µM. The GPR55 agonist O-1602 and GPR55 antagonist ML 193 (both from Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, distributed by BioMol, Hamburg, Germany) were dissolved in DMSO and used in final concentrations of 5 µM (O-1602) and 25 µM (ML 193). Human interleukin (IL)-1β (100,000 U/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Manheim, Germany) and was used at a final concentration of 10 U/mL for the experiments. 5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany) was dissolved in PBS as stock and diluted with distilled water for a final concentration of 10 ng/mL in primary microglia cultures.
Figure 9 shows the chemical structure of KIT C and KIT H that were already introduced in a previous paper [17 (link)], as well as the structures of O-1602 and ML 193 obtained from the manufacturer’s (Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) website.