Global cDNA Whole-Human Genome 4 × 44 K Microarray (Agilent) gene expression profiling was performed on the same tissue specimens previously mentioned, as described elsewhere36 (link). Briefly, 100 ng of mRNA were reverse transcribed using Superscript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen Canada, Burlington, ON) while incorporating Cy3-dCTP or Cy5-dCTP (NEN, Boston, MA, USA). Raw microarray image files were extracted using Agilent Feature Extraction Software (v9.5). Microarray data were pre-processed and normalised using agilp v3.4.0 (bioconductor v3.3); only probes that matched to a gene symbol were included. In case of multiple ID mappings, the average was calculated between the matching probes, with no filtering on variance or expression threshold. Six samples (4_D1, 4_O1, 8b_T, 10_D1, 10_D2 and 22_D1) were excluded, after QC, and were defined as outliers using a sum of standard error boxplot.
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