The ex vivo detection of human IL-17+ T cells was performed as previously described (de Beaucoudrey et al., 2008 (link)). In brief, PBMCs were purified on Ficoll-Paque PLUS (GE Healthcare) and resuspended in RPMI + 10% FBS (Invitrogen). We took aliquots of 106 nonadherent cells/ml and either left them unstimulated or stimulated them with 40 ng/ml PMA (Sigma-Aldrich) + 10−5 M ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 12 h. All cells were treated with 1 µl/ml GolgiPlug for the final 12 h of culture. Surface staining was performed with PE-Cy5–conjugated anti–human CD3 (PE Biosciences) Ab, and intracellular staining was performed with Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated anti–human IL-17 (eBioscience) and PE-conjugated anti–human IFN-γ (BD) or PE-conjugated anti–human IL-22 (R&D Systems) Abs. Cells were analyzed with a FACScan machine and CellQuest software (both from BD).