Protein extraction from transduced cells was performed using Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA)49 (link). Samples were sonicated for 15 s at 10 mA, followed by centrifugation at 16,000 RCF for 10 min at 4 °C, and transferal of supernatant to a new tube. Samples were quantified with the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) using the recommended protocol. Sample absorbance at 750 nm was quantified using the PowerWave XS2 Microplate Spectrophotometer (BioTek, Winooski, VT).
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