Amyloid-β Peptide Binding and Signaling

Most of the material used in this study was purchased as we reported earlier [4 (link),53 (link),68 (link),96 (link),97 (link),98 (link),99 (link),100 (link)]. Aβ 1–40 (AS-24235), Aβ 1–42 (AS-20276), Aβ 1–28 (AS-24231), Aβ 25–35 (AS-24227), and Aβ 1–16 (AS-24225) were purchased from AnaSpec. Biotin-HN (HN, B-018--26, UniProt Q8IVG9) was purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), nitrocellulose membranes, streptavidin–horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate, Ponceau S solution, chelerythrine chloride, and ACh were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Mouse α-tubulin monoclonal antibody (DM1A), goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody (HRP, 31466), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), BCA protein assay kit, super signal west pico luminol (chemiluminescence) reagent, lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent, and the Halt protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail were from ThermoFisher. Donkey anti-mouse IgG (HRP) (ab205724) was purchased from Abcam. m-IgGκ BP-HRP was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. SignalSilence p53 siRNA I (6231), SignalSilence control siRNA (Unconjugated, 6568), rabbit p53 antibody (9282), p38 MAPK antibody (9212) that detects endogenous levels of total p38α/β/γ MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) antibody (9211), PKCα antibody (2056), and SB203580 (5633S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).