Fungal Growth and Development Protocols

The A. nidulans strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. Fungal strains were grown on solid or liquid minimal media with 1% glucose (MMG) [47 (link)]. For auxotroph mutants, uridine (Acros Organics, USA), uracil (Acros Organics), and pyridoxine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were supplemented in the media. Sexual media (SM) was used to induce sexual development [48 (link)]. To observe developmental phenotypes, the strains were point inoculated in solid MMG or SM and cultured at 37°C for 5-7 days. For sterigmatocystin extraction, the strains were cultured in liquid complete media (CM) at 30°C for 7 days. To collect fresh conidia, each strain was incubated in solid MMG at 37°C for 2 days. For amplification of the plasmid used to generate the complemented strains, Escherichia coli DH5α (Enzynomics, Korea) cells were grown in a Luria–Bertani medium (BD Difco, USA) with ampicillin (100 μg/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich).