Murine Macrophage Stimulation and Modulation

We used the murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 in this study. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Biowest, MO, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Biowest), 10% non-essential amino acid (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 1% 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco), and 10% penicillin (Gibco). Cells were maintained at 37°C in humidified air with 5% carbon dioxide. They were washed twice with pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Gibco) before treatment. Cells were incubated with 0.1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 h, followed by incubation with 2 mM ATP for 2 h before treatment with 10 μM rosuvastatin (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and/or 10 μM olmesartan (Sigma Aldrich). The dose of each drug was based on the results of previous studies [15 (link)–18 (link)].