Western blots were performed as described previously9 (link). Briefly, the rats' left ventricle tissue and NRC samples were lysed in a lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.25% superoxide dismutase, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO3, 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, and a proteinase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). The samples were evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Briefly, total protein from the samples was determined before being subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and being transferred to a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. The NC membrane was immunoblotted with an anti-14-3-3 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), LC3 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), p62 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), and anti-β-actin antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:10,000). β-Actin protein served as a loading control. Protein bands were evaluated by densitometry using the Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR).