The local collagen orientation was determined from images captured using PLM following protocols previously reported.20 (link) Briefly, a white light source and two polarizing filters were used (Hoya, Tokyo, Japan). The birefringence of the collagen fibers causes the intensity of the detected light to vary depending on the relative orientation of the fiber and the direction of polarization of the light (Fig. 1). Thus, local collagen orientation at each pixel can be determined from multiple images captured with different relative orientations.20 (link)