Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed using HNSCC cells. The XTT assay (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) characterized cell proliferation, a chamber assay using the Corning BioCoatTM cell culture chamber (Corning, Corning, NY, USA) assessed migration, and Matrigel chamber assays using the Corning BioCoat Matrigel assessed invasion. They were performed with HNSCC cells as described previously [20 (link),21 (link),57 (link),58 (link)]. The reagents used in this study are listed in Supplemental Table S1.
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