We collected JC tissue samples from 31 patients. Inclusion criteria of the studied population were patients with systemic immunological or neurodegenerative diseases and local diagnosis of NICO in the jawbone. Patients taking any medications due to systemic complaints were not excluded from the study. We analyzed regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES)/C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) (hereafter referred to as RANTES) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 expression in NICO in these 31 patients, and in serum (n = 14). The following symptoms were present in the 31 patients (multiple counts are due to overlapping symptoms): seven patients with nonspecific facial pain/trigeminal neuralgia; seven patients with joint aches or rheumatoid arthritis (RA); four patients with chronic fatigue syndrome; five patients with breast cancer (BC); three patients with autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis); two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); one patient with Parkinson’s disease; one patient with asthma; one patient with leukemia (cured); one patient with allergy/intolerance; and one patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Inclusion criteria for the JC group were the medical indication for NICO surgery in these patients based on orthopantomogram X-rays (two-dimensional) and an additional cone beam X-ray (three-dimensional), and multiple and irregular remnants of lamina dura present in a subtle radiolucent background, leading to the suspicion of the presence of JC. The definite indication for NICO surgery is from the complementary evaluation of additional measurement of bone density by TAU. Demographic data of the 31 cases in the NICO cohort were average age (57.1 years, range 36–86 years) and sex (female:male 21:10).
Additionally, we collected tissue samples from the normal jawbones of three patients who gave their consent for bone specimen collection during implantation and analysis. Inclusion criteria for this cohort were no radiographic evidence of NICO and inconspicuous measurement of bone density by TAU. Patients showed no systemic health risks.
Inclusion criteria for the JC group were the medical indication for NICO surgery in these patients based on orthopantomogram X-rays (two-dimensional) and an additional cone beam X-ray (three-dimensional), and multiple and irregular remnants of lamina dura present in a subtle radiolucent background, leading to the suspicion of the presence of JC. The definite indication for NICO surgery is from the complementary evaluation of additional measurement of bone density by TAU. Demographic data of the 31 cases in the NICO cohort were average age (57.1 years, range 36–86 years) and sex (female:male 21:10).
Additionally, we collected tissue samples from the normal jawbones of three patients who gave their consent for bone specimen collection during implantation and analysis. Inclusion criteria for this cohort were no radiographic evidence of NICO and inconspicuous measurement of bone density by TAU. Patients showed no systemic health risks.
