Parkinson's Disease Visuospatial Assessment

We consecutively enrolled patients who visited our study group for PD between November 2021 and September 2022. Eligible patients were those who were diagnosed with PD according to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria (Postuma et al., 2015 (link)). Exclusion criteria were any neurological disorder other than PD including parkinsonism secondary to trauma or drugs, metabolic diseases, encephalitis, progressive supranuclear palsy, essential tremor, and hepatolenticular degeneration. All eligible patients underwent assessment via APP tests including DST, VOT, FRT, and VMT in the APP with raw scores recorded, at the same time, CDT, CCT, and MMSE were also evaluated as classic evaluation tools for comparison. Patients with the CDT score of 5 (Spenciere et al., 2017 (link)) and the CCT score ≥ 18 (Bu et al., 2013 (link)) were classified to no visuospatial disorder group, while patients with the CDT score $<$ 5 or CCT score $<$ 18 were classified to visuospatial disorder group. Information on patients’ demographic characteristics and clinical profile were collected from medical records. This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of China-Japan friendship Hospital (2020-129-K82). All participants gave their informed consent to participate in the study in written form.