Cellulose Membrane Fabrication via NMMO

NMMO-H₂O solution (50 wt%) was distilled under reduced pressure to a water content of about 13.3%, then added to 0.5% propyl gallate and stored in a cool place away from light [41 (link)]. A certain amount of jute MCC was added to NMMO-H₂O solution and swollen at 100 °C for 8 h. Then, it was stirred violently using a mechanical stirrer, until MCC was completely dissolved and formed an amber transparent casting liquid. Secondly, the casting liquid was kept at the same temperature for complete degassing, and membrane was scraped on a preheated glass plate at constant speed with an I-shaped coater (size of thickness is 250 μm). After scraping the membrane, put it in coagulation bath (defaults to water, unless otherwise specified) quickly for 24 h, and we changed bath liquid at intervals of 8 h. Finally, the completely solidified membrane was put into 30% glycerol aqueous solution and plasticized for 1 h, then let it air-dry and subsequently placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for drying to constant weight. Cellulose membrane was obtained with a thickness of about 13 μm, measured by a film thickness tester A3-SR-100.