We used the state-of-the-art Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XF) 96 Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience, North Billerica, MA, USA) to measure oxygen consumption rate, an indicator of mitochondrial respiration, in real-time in live intact LCLs. Each run contained the three matched samples (control, AD-N and AD-A) on the same plate. The Seahorse assay (Supplementary Figure 1A), described previously,67 (link), 68 (link) provides measures of ATP-linked respiration, proton leak respiration, maximal respiratory capacity and reserve capacity.
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