Gemcitabine Nanoparticle-Albumin Formulation

Gemcitabine (GEM) hydrochloride was obtained from Hansen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China). GEM-HSA-NP was prepared with nanoparticle albumin-bound technology, by which GEM was mixed with HSA in an aqueous solvent and passed under high pressure through a jet to construct drug albumin nanoparticles, as previously reported (29 (link)). Normal saline (NS) was obtained from Shanghai Baxter Healthcare Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Bo’ao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was purchased from Dojindo (Kyushu, Japan). The Annexin V-APC/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Multi-Sciences (Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China). The ATP assay kit was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China).