Caspase 3/7 activity was measured in order to examine whether C. concisus Zot caused apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were cultured on black-walled 96-well plates with transparent bottom for 2 days and then incubated with EP and EP-ZotP14UCO-S1 proteins at 50 μg/100 μl for 2 h. Caco-2 cells incubated in DPBS were used as the negative control and DMSO (5 %) treated Caco-2 cells were used as the positive control [29 (link)]. Caspase 3/7 activity was then measured using fluorescent CellEvent Caspase-3/7 Green ReadyProbes Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as per the manufacturer’s instruction [28 (link)]. The level of caspase 3/7 activity in Caco-2 cells treated with EP and EP-ZotP14UCO-S1 were expressed as folds relative to that in the negative control Caco-2 cells.
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