Specimens of starfish (Asterias rubens) with a diameter > 4 cm were collected at low tide from the Thanet Coast (Kent, UK) or were obtained from a fisherman based at Whitstable (Kent, UK). The starfish were maintained in an aquarium with circulating seawater (salinity of 32 ‰) under a 12 h–12 h light–dark cycle (lights on at 8 a.m.) at a temperature of ~12 °C, located in the School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences at Queen Mary University of London. Animals were fed on mussels (Mytilus edulis) that were collected at low tide near Margate (Kent, UK). Additionally, juvenile specimens of A. rubens (diameter 0.5–1.5 cm) were collected from the University of Gothenburg Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure (Kristineberg, Sweden).
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