Molecular Probes for HIV Latency

Bryostatin-1 and prostratin were purchased from BioMol Research Laboratories, Inc. (PA, USA). SAHA was purchased from Cayman chemicals (MI, USA). GF109203X (Bisindolylmaleimide-1), rottlerin and H7 dihydrochloride were purchased from Calbiochem (CA, USA). Compound-C and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc. (ON, Canada). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (MO, USA). The stock solutions of rottlerin (10 mM), H7 dihydrochloride and bryostatin (25 ng/ml) were prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and GF109203X (5 mM) was prepared in 50% DMSO in distilled water. AICAR (100 mM), metformin (100 mM), minocycline (10 mM), AZT (10 mM) and sodium salicylate (100 mM) were prepared in PBS followed by filter sterilization and aliquoted for one time use and stored at −20°C until used. Human anti-CD4, CXCR4, CD25, CD69 antibodies were purchased from BD-Biosciences (CA, USA). Anti-PKC isotype, phospho- and total-AMPK antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (MA, USA), anti-β actin antibody was purchased from Sigma, anti-rabbit-HRP and anti-mouse-HRP conjugate antibodies were purchased from Bio-Rad (CA, USA).