GBS cell wall extracts, prepared as described previously (41 (link)), were separated using 8 to 12% Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were then incubated with biotin-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA; Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, USA), followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin (0.2 μg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich). Signals were visualized using a chemiluminescent Western blotting substrate (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and data were acquired using the Bio-Rad ChemiDoc Touch imaging system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).
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