The bile acid profile was detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with the API3200MD triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (ABSciex, USA) and Shimadzu series liquid chromatograph (Shimadzu, Japan). The reagent kits were purchased from Shanghai ClinMeta Co., Ltd. The assay comprised 15 components: cholic acid (CA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA).
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