D-galacto-D-mannan-mediated interferon γ (IFNγ) secretion with or without antigen (O PA2 or A YC) was assayed using commercial enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) assay kits (R&D Systems, MN, USA) as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. Murine PECs or porcine PBMCs (5 × 105 cells/well) were cultured in 96-well polyvinylidene fluoride-backed microplates containing a monoclonal capture antibody specific for murine or porcine IFNγ and stimulated with 2 μg/mL (final concentration) of antigen mixed with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/mL of D-galacto-D-mannan sequentially, at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 18 h. Antigen and PBS were used as positive (PC) and negative controls (NC), respectively. Data were obtained using the ImmunoSpot ELISpot reader (AID iSpot Reader System; Autoimmune Diagnostika GmbH, Strassberg, Germany). The results were presented as spot-forming cells (SFC) per number of cells added to the well (7 (link), 29 (link)).
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