Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was measured on the day of sacrifice through a drop of blood placed on an automated analyzer (Siemens, DCA Vantage Analyzer TM, Tarrytown, NY, USA).
Glucose tolerance test (GTT): In the first day of the last treatment week (23), rats were administered intraperitoneally with a glucose bolus of 2 g/kg BW following a 6-h fasting period. Blood glucose levels were quantified through the tail vein before the injection and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after, using the portable device Accu-Chek® Aviva glucometer (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The area under the curve (AUC) for the GTT was calculated by using the trapezoidal method, as previously described [23 (link)].