LOS profiles were examined using Tricine gel electrophoresis of cell lysates as previously described (36 (link)), using lysates from cells grown to mid-logarithmic phase. After fractionation on Novex 16% tricine gels (Invitrogen), the gels were stained with Pro-Q Emerald 300 (Invitrogen) for LOS staining, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue for total protein staining for sample quantification normalization (36 (link)).