Patients who attended our sleep center from January 2013 to December 2020 that presented with a clinical suspicion of sleep-disordered breathing, including snoring, sleepiness and witnessed sleep apnea, were enrolled in the study. We selected subjects using complete abdominal imaging, then recorded their sleep symptoms, value on the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), history of alcohol consumption and smoking, medical history, and current medications. Patients who were previously diagnosed with or treated for OSA were excluded. Other exclusion criteria included: current use of hepatotoxic drugs (including some Chinese herbal medicines or chemotherapeutic drugs); severe cardiopulmonary chronic disease requiring hospitalization; acute inflammatory disease; or other sleep disorders such as restless leg syndrome or narcolepsy. This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China), and all participants provided their written consent.