Patients were managed under the supervision of medical toxicologists in the hospital. The medical files of the patients who met the inclusion criteria were extracted based on ICD-10 codes for pesticide poisoning. Data were collected in the data spreadsheet from medical records by medically trained staff and medical research assistants. Patients’ information including age, sex, occupation, type of exposure (intentional, homicidal, accidental including occupational, unaware (patients who were poisoned by another person without homicidal purposes), unknown (do not know the substance’s name)), history of addiction, type of addiction (alcohol, cigarettes, methadone), medical history related to psychiatric illness, history of medical problems (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease), clinical manifestations (sign and symptoms) on admission including vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate), laboratory findings, the length of hospital stay, and outcome were included in the data collection form. All kinds of cardiovascular complications (bradycardia, tachycardia, QT interval changes, PR changes, and arrhythmias obtained by referring to the ECG recorded in the patient file) were defined as abnormal cardiovascular manifestations. Also, physical chest examination including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation as well as bradypnea, tachypnea, and apnea were considered as abnormal respiratory manifestations. Pesticides were categorized as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, acaricides, combination pesticides (more than one pesticide), and unknown pesticides (history of pesticide contact through ingestion, skin, injection, and eye without knowing its name). The outcome was defined as survival or death. Pesticide poisoning had been confirmed by the patient’s history, the container containing the poison, clinical manifestations, serological and toxicological tests (determination of serum cholinesterase activity for organophosphate poisoning21 (link) and urine sodium dithionite test22 for paraquat poisoning), and bedside urine toxicology screening test23 were recorded if available.