Each piperaceae extract was prepared at a 200 µg/mL concentration in 95% ethanol (p.a), whereas a standard piperine solution was prepared at 100 µg/mL. Analysis was performed using TLC-densitometry with 60 F254 silica gel TLC plates as a stationary phase and hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1) as a mobile phase. 3 µL sample and standard piperine were spotted, then eluted with mobile phase until the spot appeared and was observed under a UV lamp  254 nm.