We administered well-validated and translated assessments. Arabic versions of these tools have been used in epileptic samples, as well as patients with diabetes, hypertension, cancer, dermatological concerns, and healthy adults in Saudi Arabia.16 (link),22 (link)-27
The PSQI was administered to evaluate the sleep habits of all participants during the past month. Scores were an aggregate of seven components, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). Total scores ranged 0-21, with higher scores 5 or more indicating poorer or worse quality of sleep.
The ISI comprised seven questions, which were summed to obtain a total score. Participants with scores of (0-7, 8-14, 15-21, and 22-28) were considered to have “no clinically significant insomnia”, “subthreshold insomnia”, “moderate clinical insomnia”, and “severe clinical insomnia”, respectively.
The ESS was used to measure subjective sleepiness. The test comprises eight situations in which we rate the patient’s tendency to become sleepy on a scale of 0 (no chance of dozing) to 3 (high chance of dozing). The participant’s total score is a sum of the eight questions, and participants are categorized into one of four categories: unlikely abnormal sleepiness (score 0-7), average DTS (score 8-9), excessive sleepiness that may require medical attention (score 10-15), and excessive sleepiness and that requires medical attention (score 16-24).
In addition to these 3 questionnaires, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected, including gender, education level, type of epilepsy, presence of nocturnal seizures, neuroimaging findings, epilepsy duration, age of onset, and number of antiepileptics medications.
The PSQI was administered to evaluate the sleep habits of all participants during the past month. Scores were an aggregate of seven components, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). Total scores ranged 0-21, with higher scores 5 or more indicating poorer or worse quality of sleep.
The ISI comprised seven questions, which were summed to obtain a total score. Participants with scores of (0-7, 8-14, 15-21, and 22-28) were considered to have “no clinically significant insomnia”, “subthreshold insomnia”, “moderate clinical insomnia”, and “severe clinical insomnia”, respectively.
The ESS was used to measure subjective sleepiness. The test comprises eight situations in which we rate the patient’s tendency to become sleepy on a scale of 0 (no chance of dozing) to 3 (high chance of dozing). The participant’s total score is a sum of the eight questions, and participants are categorized into one of four categories: unlikely abnormal sleepiness (score 0-7), average DTS (score 8-9), excessive sleepiness that may require medical attention (score 10-15), and excessive sleepiness and that requires medical attention (score 16-24).
In addition to these 3 questionnaires, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected, including gender, education level, type of epilepsy, presence of nocturnal seizures, neuroimaging findings, epilepsy duration, age of onset, and number of antiepileptics medications.
