All athletes underwent a 1 repetition maximal (1RM) bench press test twice, with a 48 h rest between tests. After a standardized warm-up, each subject started the attempts with a weight that he believed could be lifted only once using maximum effort. Increases in weight were added until the maximum load that could be lifted once was reached. If the athlete failed to perform a single repetition, 2.5% of the load used in the test were subtracted [12 ]. The subjects rested for 3–5 min between attempts. The largest record between the two sessions was taken as the individual´s 1RM. Coefficient of variation between the two measures was ICC > 93%.
On the subsequent two weeks, participants underwent a training session with bench press exercises with one week in between. All participants randomly trained using the two different recovery methods: ingesting placebo (PLA) or ibuprofen (IBU). All assessments were carried out 30 min before the training started, immediately at the end, 24 h and 48 h after the training (Table 1 ). Assessments included: (i) Measurement of muscle function; (ii) thermography; and (iii) blood collections.
The intervention protocol consisted of warm-up for upper limbs, using three exercises (abduction of the shoulders with dumbbells, elbow extension in the pulley and rotation of the shoulders with dumbbells) with three sets of 10 to 20 repetitions [13 ]. Soon after, a specific warm-up was performed on the bench press with a 30% load of 1RM, 10 slow repetitions (3:1 s, eccentric: concentric) and 10 fast repetitions (1:1 s, eccentric: concentric). This was followed with five sets of bench press of five maximum repetitions (5 sets—85 at 90% RM), using a fixed load. The complete session lasted for 1 h 30 min. During the test, athletes received verbal encouragement to achieve maximum performance [13 ]. To perform the bench press, an official straight bench (Eleiko, Chicago, IL, USA), approved by the International Paralympic Committee [11 ] was used.
Ingestion of IBU (ibuprofen) or PLA (placebo) occurred 15 min before and 5 h post-training, according to De Souza et al. [10 (link)]. Participants received two capsules of IBU (each capsule containing 400 mg) and were instructed to ingest one capsule before training and one capsule post-training. In the control condition, two flour capsules were delivered. Both IBU and PLA were packaged in identical capsules. The experiment was double-blind, and the order of distribution of the capsules was determined at random.
On the subsequent two weeks, participants underwent a training session with bench press exercises with one week in between. All participants randomly trained using the two different recovery methods: ingesting placebo (PLA) or ibuprofen (IBU). All assessments were carried out 30 min before the training started, immediately at the end, 24 h and 48 h after the training (
The intervention protocol consisted of warm-up for upper limbs, using three exercises (abduction of the shoulders with dumbbells, elbow extension in the pulley and rotation of the shoulders with dumbbells) with three sets of 10 to 20 repetitions [13 ]. Soon after, a specific warm-up was performed on the bench press with a 30% load of 1RM, 10 slow repetitions (3:1 s, eccentric: concentric) and 10 fast repetitions (1:1 s, eccentric: concentric). This was followed with five sets of bench press of five maximum repetitions (5 sets—85 at 90% RM), using a fixed load. The complete session lasted for 1 h 30 min. During the test, athletes received verbal encouragement to achieve maximum performance [13 ]. To perform the bench press, an official straight bench (Eleiko, Chicago, IL, USA), approved by the International Paralympic Committee [11 ] was used.
Ingestion of IBU (ibuprofen) or PLA (placebo) occurred 15 min before and 5 h post-training, according to De Souza et al. [10 (link)]. Participants received two capsules of IBU (each capsule containing 400 mg) and were instructed to ingest one capsule before training and one capsule post-training. In the control condition, two flour capsules were delivered. Both IBU and PLA were packaged in identical capsules. The experiment was double-blind, and the order of distribution of the capsules was determined at random.
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