The Calcein-AM/Propidium Iodide (PI) dual staining kit (DOjinDO, C542, Japan) was used to label and identify live and dead cells. Calcein-AM removes AM in the presence of esterase within living cells, producing calcein and emitting green fluorescence. PI can be embedded into the DNA double helix of dead cells, emitting red fluorescence. Therefore, green fluorescence represents live cells, and red fluorescence represents dead cells. The operation details were performed according to the instructions.
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