Participants were 90 HIV-positive and 94 HIV-negative persons, with balanced recruiting in each age decade (36–45, 46–55, 56–65), from the five-year Multi-Dimensional Successful Aging among HIV-Infected Adults study conducted at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).16 (link) Only baseline data were included in this analysis. The study received approval from the UCSD Institutional Review Board. Participants provided written, informed consent. Exclusion criteria for the parent study were diagnosis of a psychotic disorder and presence of a neurological condition known to impact cognitive functioning (e.g., stroke). Additional exclusion criteria for current analyses included being off ART, having detectable HIV viral load (>50 copies/ml), and meeting criteria for a current substance use disorder. HIV infection was screened via a fingerstick test (Medmira, Nova Scotia, Canada) and confirmed with an Abbott RealTime HIV-1 test (Abbott Laboratories, Illinois, USA) or by submitting specimens to a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory (ARUP Laboratories, Utah, USA) for HIV-1 viral load quantitation.