PTZ dose used in this study (40 mg/kg in young mice and 50 mg/kg in adult mice, in 0.9% saline, i.p. injection volume was 1 ml/100 g body weight) was determined as a dose at which PTZ induced seizures in 75% of naive mice. In brief, 2- and 11-wk-old mice treated with drugs (saline, LPS [1.0 mg/kg/d; Sigma-Aldrich], SL327 [selective inhibitor MEK1 and MEK2; 32 mg/kg/d; Tocris Bioscience], or LPS plus SL327, i.p. injection for 3 d [P10–12 or P70–72; see details in the figure legends]) were individually placed in a Plexiglas box, and convulsive behaviors were analyzed for 30 min after PTZ injection. The time to onset and the duration of tonic-clonic seizures were measured as previously described (Shen et al., 2012 (link)).