The following fluorochrome-conjugated Abs were used for polychromatic flow cytometry analysis: CD3-Pacific-blue (UCHT1), CD4-Alexa-Fluor 700 (RPA-T4), CCR4-PE-Cy7 (1G1), CCR6-PE (11A9), CCR7-PE-Cy7 (3D12), CXCR3-PE-Cy5 (1C6) (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA), CCR7-FITC (150503) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), CD45RA-APC-eFluor780 (HI100) (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), CD3-Alexa700 (UCHT1), CD326-BV650 (9C4), CD8-PerCP-Cy5.5 (RPA-T8), CD19-PerCP-Cy5.5 (HIB19), CD66b-PerCP-Cy5.5 (G10F5), HLADR-BV785 (L243; BioLegend), CD4-FITC (SFCI12T4D11) and HIV-p24-RD1 (FH190-1-1; Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA). Live/Dead Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Stain Kit (Vivid; Life Technologies, Burlington, ON) was used to exclude dead cells. Cells were analyzed by FACS using the BD-LSRII cytometer and BD-Diva (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), and FlowJo (©Tree Star, Inc., Ashland, OR) softwares. All Abs were titrated for an optimal noise/signal ratio and Ab cocktails were validated by comparing single to multiple staining. Positive gates were placed based on fluorescence minus one (FMO) controls [41 (link), 69 ]