Similar to previous procedures [10 (link),15 (link),16 (link),17 (link),23 (link)], Autopol VI polarimeters were applied to determine optical rotations. The Chirascan CD spectrometer was applied to measure UV and ECD data. The Nicolet iS50 FT-IR spectrometer was applied to acquire IR data. The Bruker Avance III 500 NMR spectrometer (500 MHz for 1H and 125 MHz for 13C) was applied to record 1D/2D NMR data. The Xevo G2-XS QTof mass spectrometer was applied to obtain HRESIMS data. The Agilent 1260 Infinity II system with a ZORBAX SB-C18 (5 μm, 9.4 × 250 mm) column was applied for HPLC separation. Silica gel (200–300 mesh, Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Qingdao, China), RP-18 (AAG12S50, YMC Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan), and Sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) were employed for column chromatography (CC). Precoated silica gel plates (GF-254, 20 × 20 cm, Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Qingdao, China) were used for thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
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