Fasting paired whole blood and serum samples were collected from the same participants during clinical visits. Serum was collected in Vacuette serum separating tubes (Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria). Samples were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min, aliquoted and stored at − 80 °C until further use.
Small RNAs were isolated from 300 μL of serum using the miRCURY RNA Isolation Kits (Exiqon, Vedbaek Denmark) and quantified with the Qubit microRNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA). The quality of the total small non-coding RNAs extracted was assessed with the Agilent Small RNA kit (Agilent Technologies, USA), by using the 2100 Bioanalyzer Instrument (Agilent Technologies, USA). Small non-coding RNAs were hybridized on the Affimetrix array platform and analyzed as previously described11 (link).
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