Total RNA extraction was conducted with the total RNA Miniprep Kit (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, United States). Approximately 5 μg of RNA was reverse transcribed with the ReverTra Ace qPCR-RT Kit (Toyobo, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. qRT-PCR was carried out in triplicate using the iCycler iQTM Real-time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States) with the procedures as previously described (Yang et al., 2019 (link)). The pepper actin gene was used as an internal control. The primers of actin and CaPIF genes are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
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