Ileal Transposition Surgery Protocol

The surgery procedures were previously described by Grüeneberger et al. [7 (link)]. Isoflurane 2% with oxygen flow at 2 l/min under spontaneous breathing was used to induce and maintain anaesthesia. After an abdominal midline incision, length 4–5 cm was performed and the Bauhin's valve was determined. 50% of the distal ileum was localized and transected. The ileal continuity was restored by an end-to-end extramucosal anastomosis using PDS 6/0 (Ethicon, Blue Ash, OH), excluding the transposed segment. Then, the ligament of Treitz was determined, and the jejunum was divided 5 cm aborally. The transposed segment of ileum was inserted in an isoperistaltic fashion, and two end-to-end anastomoses were performed. For control and sham surgery, transections were performed at all three analogous points. Anastomoses were completed correspondingly, nevertheless without IT (Figure 1). Fascia and skin closures were performed as a continuous suture using Monocryl 4/0 and Vicryl 4/0. After the surgery, all rats were kept on a liquid diet for 24 h (Nutrison, Nutricia, Poland).