Blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and blood fat, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured as in a previous population [28 (link)].The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was performed for measuring serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) by using COBASE immunoassay analyzers (Roche Diagnostics GmbH). An automated analyzer was used for measuring dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEA-S) [29 ].
The serum concentration of Fetuin-A was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Both intra- and inter-assay variations were 10 and 8%, respectively. The measuring range of this kit was 9.38–600 ng/ml. For the determination of sex hormones, venous blood samples in the healthy controls were collected from day 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle (early follicular period), and in women with PCOS, blood samples were collected after spontaneous bleeding or amenorrhea for more than 3 months [30 (link)].
The serum concentration of Fetuin-A was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Both intra- and inter-assay variations were 10 and 8%, respectively. The measuring range of this kit was 9.38–600 ng/ml. For the determination of sex hormones, venous blood samples in the healthy controls were collected from day 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle (early follicular period), and in women with PCOS, blood samples were collected after spontaneous bleeding or amenorrhea for more than 3 months [30 (link)].
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