Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Extracts

The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts were tested against Gram-positive bacteria [Bacillus cereus 10451 (BC), Staphylococcus aureus 10786 (SA)], Gram-negative bacteria [Escherichia coli GIM1.708 (EC), Salmonella enteritidis10982 (SE), Vibrio parahaemolyticus 17802 (VP), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B) 10104 (PA)], as well as one pathogenic fungus [Candida albicans (F) 98001 (CA)]. SA, BC, and SE were purchased from China Center for Industrial Culture Collection (CICC; Beijing, China), while EC was provided by Microbial Culture Collection Center of Guangdong (GIMCC; Guangdong, China). VP was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), while PA and pathogenic fungus CA were obtained from National Centre for Medical culture collection (CMCC). The Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were pre-cultured in Mueller Hinton broth (MHB) overnight in a rotary shaker at 37°C. Afterward, each strain was adjusted at a concentration of 10⁸ cells/ml using 0.5 McFarland standard (Bhalodia and Shukla, 2011 (link)). The fungal inoculum was prepared from the 48 h culture of fungal isolates in Potato dextrose broth (PDB) (Nisha et al., 2010 ). The spectrophotometer (A₅₉₅ nm) has been used to adjust the spore density of fungus at a final concentration of 10⁶ spores/ml.