Acyl-CoA extraction was performed as previously described[20 (link)] after spiking in 100 μL of acyl-CoA internal standards derived from pan6 deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in [13C315N1]-pantothenic acid containing media as previously described[21 (link)]. Since this acyl-CoA internal standard is biologically derived, some batch to batch variation is expected, but our previous calculations on yield estimate 100 μL of acyl-CoA internal standards produced by this method to contain 200 ng of [13C315N1]-acetyl-CoA, 20 ng of [13C315N1]-succinyl-CoA, and 5 ng of [13C315N1]-propionyl-CoA as well as varying amounts of other [13C315N1]-acyl-CoAs not included in this study.