Detailed reporting of staging variables (ECE, SVI, SM) is variable among pathology reports accessioned to CaPSURE. In the main analysis, ECE, SVI, or SM reported as “unable to assess” were assumed to be negative; in a sensitivity analysis, cases without complete data for all variables were dropped. To examine whether cases with missing pathologic data (ECE, SVI, SM) differed from cases with complete data, we compared these groups with respect to their distributions of the original preoperative CAPRA score using a Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic. In all cases, patients with no lymphadenectomy performed were assumed to have negative LNI. Patients missing pathologic Gleason score and/or preoperative PSA were excluded.
The definition of biochemical recurrence was either 2 consecutive PSA values over 0.2 ng/ml15 (link) or any secondary treatment at least six months following surgery (treatment within six months was assumed to be adjuvant). Men not experiencing recurrence—including those dying of other causes—were censored at date of the last available PSA.