Cells were plated in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 103 cells per well, following standard protocols (45 (link), 46 (link)). Following that, the plates were incubated in darkness at 37°C for 2 hours with CCK-8 labeling reagent (A311-01, Vazyme). The assessment of cell viability was carried out by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm using an enzyme-linked spectrophotometer (A33978, Thermo) at time intervals of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours.
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