PTEN activity toward a water-soluble substrate (diC6-PIP3, from Avanti Polar Lipids) was determined by the evolution of inorganic phosphate as measured with a malachite green[19 (link)] detection kit (R and D Biosystems). Assays for were conducted as described previously.[9 , 10 (link), 14 (link)] Briefly, 0.5 – 1.5 μg PTEN was incubated with 160 μM diC6 PIP3 for 10 minutes in 25 μl reaction buffer (50 mM Tris, 10 mM BME, pH 8.0) at 30˚C. Samples were quenched with malachite green reagent (R and D Biosystems) and absorbance was measured at 620 nm. The data were analyzed using the Michaelis-Menten equation, v=VmS/(Km+S) using non-linear curve fitting in Prism 6 software (Graphpad).