From a randomly selected subset of 20 longitudinal blood samples of the children aged 9 years, PT, FHA, Prn, and Td-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assays were performed on purified B-cells to determine the numbers of antigen-specific IgG producing memory B-cells (22 (link), 28 (link)). The same PBMC samples, depleted of CD19+ cells, were stimulated for 5 days with PT (heat inactivated), FHA, Prn, Td, or pokeweed mitogen and culture supernatants were stored at −80°C (23 (link)). In these supernatants, the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1), interleukin-13 (IL-13) (Th2), IL-17 (Th17), and IL-10 (Treg) were quantified using the Bio-Plex cytokine assay kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) (27 (link)).
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