MitoTracker-Red (Cell Signaling Technology, 9082) was used for fluorescence staining of mitochondria, according to the manufacturer’s instructions [7 (link), 20 (link), 21 (link)]. Mito-PA-GFP lentivirus (green fluorescent protein targeting mitochondrial matrix) was used for fluorescent labeling of mitochondria in HCC cell culture [22 (link)].
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