Patients with liver dysfunction were given liver protection treatment, vitamin supplementation, and anemia correction before surgery, especially for Child–Pugh class C, which should be adjusted to class B. Open splenectomy was used in all cases. The splenic colonic and gastric splenic ligaments were separated, and the splenic artery was fully exposed and ligated under unambiguous vision. Next, the second- and third-grade branch vessels of the spleen were dissected and ligated one by one. After that, the splenic ligament was dissociated sharply, and the spleen was completely removed. For patients with pericardia varices, the esophageal branches, lateral branches, and inferior diaphragmatic branches about 5 cm in the lower esophagus were ligated and severed. Finally, drainage tubes were placed, followed by layer and layer suture. Postoperative anti-infection, liver protection and other support treatments were given.
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